动力灸治疗肝肾亏虚型膝骨关节炎疗效观察

目的 观察动力灸治疗肝肾亏虚型膝骨关节炎（knee osteoarthritis ，KOA）的临床疗效。方法 将符合纳入标准的60例肝肾亏虚型KOA患者随机分为试验组与对照组，每组30例。试验组给予动力灸治疗，对照组予以普通针刺治疗，两组均每天治疗1次，连续治疗21 d为1个疗程。1个疗程结束后比较两组患者治疗前后视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale，VAS）评分、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数（the Westem Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, WOMAC）、中医证候评分及临床疗效，并记录两组不良反应情况。结果 治疗后两组患者VAS评分、WOMAC评分、中医证候评分较治疗前均明显改善（P<0.05），且试验组改善程度明显优于对照组（P<0.05）；试验组临床疗效明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。对照组有1例患者出现晕针情况，而试验组患者均未出现不良反应。结论 动力灸治疗肝肾亏虚型KOA疗效确切，不良反应少，能有效地缓解膝关节疼痛，改善患者的生活质量。     

调任复元灸法治疗脑卒中后感觉性失语临床研究

目的 观察调任复元灸法结合头皮针和舌面点刺治疗脑卒中后感觉性失语的临床疗效。方法 将55例脑卒中后感觉性失语患者随机分为治疗组28例和对照组27例。对照组给予头皮针和舌面点刺治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予调任复元灸法治疗，疗程为4周。观察并比较两组临床疗效及治疗前后言语功能评分。结果 两组临床疗效分布比较，治疗组优于对照组（P＜0.05)。治疗前两组患者自发谈话、理解、复述、命名功能评分比较，差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。治疗后治疗组各评分均明显提高(P＜0.05)；对照组自发谈话、理解和复述评分均明显提高(P＜0.05)，而命名评分无明显变化（P＞0.05）。两组治疗前后理解、复述、命名评分和总积分差值比较，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 调任复元灸法治疗脑卒中后感觉性失语具有良好疗效，可改善患者言语功能。     

针刺麻醉文献研究的内容与方法

针刺麻醉的基础研究虽然主要以现代科学技术为手段，但追溯针刺麻醉的源流与发展、廓清针刺麻醉的临床与研究实践、总结针刺麻醉的理论与技术方法，仍需在足够的古今文献依据基础上完成。古代针刺麻醉文献虽然内容丰富，但整理研究相对薄弱；现代相关文献报道数量较大，但缺乏系统总结。今后针刺麻醉文献研究工作应包括针刺麻醉文献的汇集整理研究、针刺麻醉文献资源数字化规范及标准研究、针刺镇痛与针刺麻醉文献的综合研究、针刺麻醉优势病种的特异性腧穴研究、针刺麻醉的中医理论研究5个方面。     

Investments in Global Warming Mitigation: The Case of “Activities Implemented Jointly”

This paper examines bilateral cooperation between developed countries (home country) and developing countries (host country) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to enhance carbon dioxide sinks. With the home-host country pair as the unit of analysis, our logistic regression model examines 158 Activities Implemented Jointly (AIJ) investment projects from 1993 until 2002 across 2541 country-pairs. Because the marginal costs of reducing emissions may be lower in developing countries, the AIJ projects served as a policy laboratory to assess whether such investments might be advantageous to both countries in the event future regimes allowed emission credits from such bilateral projects. Instead of investing in home countries where maximum pollution reductions (or carbon sequestration) might be possible, home countries invest in locations where they can conduct their policy experiments at low transaction costs. Prior trade and aid relationships were used as a proxy. Regarding energy projects, location decisions are driven by home countries’ desire to reduce air pollution that they receive from abroad. Geography – proximity of a host country to a home country – in interaction with host country's coal production, is a very important driver of location decision in AIJ energy sector projects. Location of sequestration projects is impacted by the host country's potential for avoiding deforestation as well as by previous aid and trade patterns between a home and a host country. Proximity is not important in this case.     

针刺配合耳穴压籽治疗2型糖尿病(肥胖型)67例

目的：观察针灸治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效，为进一步研究其作用机制提供临床依据。方法：67例患分胃肠实热（34例），脾虚湿阻（13例）、肝郁气滞（12例）、肾气不足（8例）4型，视不同证型施以相应补泻手法，比较治疗前后血糖、胰岛素、血脂等的变化。结果：针灸在调整患糖脂代谢的同时，还可以改善其临床症状及肥胖指标。     

Distributed Generation of Electricity: The Role of Academic Research and Advice in California’s “Clean DG” Policy Network

Deregulation and the combined threats of energy crises and global warming concern nations around the world, yet these issues continue to be addressed more directly by domestic regulatory systems than by international institutions. The present analyses of the integration of distributed sources of power generation (DG) into California’s electric utility system suggests that domestic environmental dilemmas with international repercussions provide an obvious entrée for global environmental policy specialists into the practice of environmental policy-making and law. Here I review current scholarship on policy networks that illuminates the contributions that technical and policy experts can make to such networks surrounding environmental issues. I then introduce the key members of California’s “clean DG” policy network that emphasizes the role of academic experts in this influential political system, and discuss how my own research has impacted the development of the state’s DG policy. I conclude that scholars are well positioned to observe and engage domestic and international environmental policy networks, and thereby also to influence environmental politics and law.     

DEFENDING ThEGloBAl ENvIRoNMENT

正With the UN lima Climate Change Conference underway,China shows its sincerity to fight global warming Lima,capital and the largest city of Peru,has welcomed government leaders,scholars as well as representatives of the business and NGO circles from more than 200countries and regions this December.They will stay in the South American city for a battle of words at the United Nations Lima Climate     

LETTERS

正Many of us assume that life on Earth will continue to fl ourish for eons to come.But this is a misguided belief.Scientifi c research has shown that the Earth’s environment was too harsh to support any life form for four billion years.So what we take for granted is actually very precious and vulnerable.It took around three billion years of evolution on Earth for complicated animal and human organisms to come into existence.Nobody wants them to die out as a result of pollution-induced global warming.We should instead cherish and     

开四关法治疗老年功能性便秘临床疗效观察

目的 观察开四关法治疗老年功能性便秘的临床疗效。方法 将70 例老年功能性便秘患者按随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,各35例。治疗组采用开四关法,对照组予常规针刺法。分别于治疗前后观察两组患者每周自主排便（spontaneous bowel movements,SBM）次数、便秘患者生活质量评价量表（patient assessment of constipation quality of life questionnaire,PAC-QOL）评分及简明生活质量量表(36-item short-form health survey,SF-36）评分,并检测一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）、一氧化氮合酶（nitric oxide synthase,NOS）、血管活性肠肽（vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP）水平。结果 治疗组临床疗效优于对照组（P＜0.05）;在治疗2周、4周后,治疗组SBM次数均显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗后PAC-QOL和SF-36总评分均有显著变化（P<0.05）,且治疗组较对照组改善明显（P<0.05）。治疗组治疗后NO、NOS、VIP降低程度显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 开四关法治疗老年功能性便秘疗效确切,其部分机制可能与降低血清NO有关。     

通督调神针法联合经筋结点放血治疗脑卒中后痉挛性瘫痪30例

目的 观察通督调神针法联合经筋结点放血治疗脑卒中后痉挛性瘫痪的临床疗效.方法 将60例脑卒中后痉挛性瘫痪的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各30例.对照组予以通督调神针法治疗,治疗组在通督调神针法的基础上予以经筋结点放血治疗.治疗前后分别采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institution Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评价神经功能缺损情况,采用改良Ashworth痉挛分级量表(modified Ashworth scale,MAS)评价肢体痉挛程度,采用简式Fugl-Meyer评定法(Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA)评价脑卒中后运动功能障碍程度,并观察临床疗效.结果 与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后NIHSS评分、MAS等级显著降低(P<0.05),FMA评分显著升高(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后NIHSS评分、MAS等级降低程度显著大于对照组(P<0.05),FMA评分升高程度明显大于对照组(P<0.05).治疗组临床疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 通督调神针法联合经筋结点放血可显著改善脑卒中后痉挛性瘫痪的痉挛状态及运动功能,且优于单纯通督调神针法治疗方案.